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Parallel port link, multi-rename tool
Tabbed interface, regular expressions, historyfavorites buttons
Thumbnails view, custom columns, enhanced search
Compare editor, cursor in lister, separate trees, logging, enhanced overwrite dialog etc.
Unicode names all around you, long names 259 characters, password manager for ftp and plugins, synchronize empty dirs, 64 bit context menu, quick file filter CtrlS
USB port connection via special direct transfer cable, partial branch view CtrlShiftB, and several improvements to ftp, synchronizing and also other functions
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May the origin be with you, but don't forget the KISS principle ;-
2011: 25th Anniversary of Norton Commander 1.0 Release!!!
Study days gone by, in the event you would divine the long term.
Future shock could be the shattering stress and disorientation we induce in individuals by subjecting these phones too much alternation in too short a period.
Norton Commander for DOS may be the original type of Orthodox file managers that exists in five major versions: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0. Only the very last one posseses an additional sub-version nc 5.5. All versions remain used mostly by DOS enthusiasts and they are often posted about the abandonware sites. What is interesting, despite clear superiority of later versions, there are nevertheless users of version 1.0 of NC. For example, Symantec site contains an FAQ article: Is Norton Commander Version 1.0 or 2.0 Supported Under Windows NT 5 Beta?. Also in October of 2005 I received these email addressed in my opinion as an editor on the OFM page on the Softpanorama website Orthodox File Managers: Home in the OFM standards :
I m still using Norton Commander version 1.00 1986 in Windows 98SE, during Windows 2000 Professional and Windows XP.
I prefer it s small size and fast, and I can write by using it small batch programs.
From: Bogota, Colombia South America
It was probably one on the most popular file manager from the DOS era, which in addition to Xtree remains one with the few programs which was able to transcend their DOS roots and Norton Commander descendants OFM managers now exist on all popular OSes. The first version of NC 1.0 was created and authored by John Socha in 1984-1989. We provide a quick biographical notes about him later in this particular chapter.
Starting from version 2 Norton Commander got a cult following, somewhat comparable using the success of 123, WordPerfect and MS Word, specifically in former USSR and Eastern Europe, where blue screen of Norton Commander took over as the synonym of DOS. Many users with this region never suspected that it was not a native DOS interface. In Russian the language Norton and Commander became section of PC jargon and are also widely used as synonyms for file manager. Please talk about Chapter 1 for additional exploration of the phenomenon.
Norton Commander was taught as a section of introductory computer classes in most on the former USSR region along with Eastern European universities and colleges. That means that all graduates were essentially knowledgeable Norton Commander users and Norton Commander, essentially, served as standard interface for DOS. I would like to stress it again that lots of people using this region never suspected this was not the portion of DOS but an extra utility. In DOS days it even affected hiring process: the mastery of Norton Commander was irrevocably associated with mastery of DOS in minds of the many Eastern European IT hiring managers.
The initial version of Norton Commander was called VDOS Visual DOS and was developed in a combination C and assembler. As John Socha recollected the events personal communication:
I started work with what became known since the Norton Commander from the fall of 1984 while I had been a graduate student in Applied Physics at Cornell University. The first versions were entirely in assembly language, but that had been too time-consuming, so I soon switched to your blend of C and assembly language at a period of time when most real programmers wouldn t touch C.
At some time I named it Visual DOS, together with the abbreviation of VDOS instead from the usual two-letter abbreviations used on the time. The program itself was inspired by a few things joining hand-in-hand. I had an agreement to write some books for Microsoft Press as well as spent a little while in Bellevue, WA taking care of site. I d take 2 months off from graduate school and write a manuscript.
The second book were to be the sunday paper of small utility programs like I used to write down for Softalk Magazine including whereis, scrnsave, etc., but I never finished writing the ebook because one small utility took using a life of it s own.
John Socha received both MS and PhD in Applied Physics from Cornell University. After graduation from your university John had become the first director of research and development for the present time defunct Peter Norton Computing. He was the next programmer from the company, hired after that Brad Kingsbury.
At on this occasion Peter Norton Computing became a one-man show. It was founded by Peter Norton who has been one from the pioneer entrepreneurs in commercial PC software development. He formed his company in 1982 with 30, 000 as well as an IBM computer the organization was sold for 70 million to Symantec in 1990; a good return on investment. In 1992 Smart Computing paper Investigating The Lost Files Of Peter Norton, PC Pioneer Gillian Coolidge wrote:
The story goes that Peter Norton worked inside aerospace industry back inside late 1970s, but he lost his job when Boeing, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed all made severe cutbacks. To pay the invoices, Norton took contract computer-programming jobs.
One day, Norton accidentally deleted a crucial file, one common-enough error. Instead of re-entering every piece of information, however, he thought he d write a pc program that might recover the lost data. Some people are actually motivated. That program not simply rescued the lost file, however its framework also eventually helped make Peter Norton very wealthy, and intensely famous.
This was at 1982, and Norton marketed this course primarily on foot over the one-man software publishing company he formed, Peter Norton Computing Inc. PNCI. The next year, PNCI released the other version of Norton Utilities, which has been actually comprised of several smaller programs that rescued lost files and disk contents.
In 1984, PNCI reached a million in revenue, and version 3.0 from the Norton Utilities was published. At enough time Peter Norton had three clerical people earning a living for PNCI but he was doing the many software development plus book writing, manuals writing and running the business enterprise. It is important to know that th company actually became a one-man show by supporting staff. So revenue that included version 3.0 allow it to become self-evident that the business needs to expand by hiring programmers. Brad Kingsbury, who had been the author of NCD - - a utility that had been later incorporated into Norton Commander as NCD mode recollects those conception in the subsequent way:
I joined Peter Norton Computing in 1985, because the companys first programmer. My previous employer had just closed its doors, so I had sent my resume with a few companies inside area. Peter responded, flew me to Seattle where he was vacationing to the summer, and hired me within the spot. Because Peter was still being on vacation, I solved of a hotel in Seattle for my first couple of weeks within the job. After that, I spent another 6 months working from your Nortons dining table. When Eileen, Peters wife, started cooking dinner, I knew the time had come to call it a day and head home.
My job responsibility would have been to develop the software program, and this s what I did. I just developed the programs, and which was pretty much the past day Peter programmed.
The PNCI staff was nearly five now. Peter did his writing, managing and marketing in the den of his home. The three clerical people worked
Peter Norton is definitely a laid-back person. His whole philosophy, and I ve heard him quote this more often than not, was, We re gonna do this business stuff even though it s fun. So that's our primary focus that first it needs to be fun, and second it needs to make money.
I couldn't know what would happen after we didn t make any cash and it used to be fun. It probably wouldn t happen to be too fun when this occurs, specifically for Peter, says Kingsbury. But he wasn t over to create the following greatest generation of software, he wasn t over to make a ton of money. It was really to get fun and the man enjoyed the pliability of devoid of to work under another person.
PNCI reached 5 million in revenues in 1986. It published a number of other software packages but, in accordance with Kingsbury, the Norton Utilities used to be PNCI s cash cow. Utility software was gaining wider acceptance from the microcomputer industry as users realized the main advantages of data recovery.
Peter Norton essentially created a brand new class of software for PCs: recover file software, the actual profitable class of economic software that soon will attract many competitors with PC Tools since the most prominent. Quoting Peter Norton,
Why did The Norton Utilities become such popular software? Well, industry wisdom has it that software becomes standard either by superior capabilities or by solving issues that were previously unsolvable. In 1982, when I sat down within my PC to post Unerase, I was solving perhaps the most common problem in which there was no easily obtainable solution.1
Peter Norton quickly remarked that he tapped gold mine anf the husband made a resolve for build this company. And that s one from the reasons why he hired Kingsbury and Socha.
PNCI published several, more capable with each iteration versions of Norton Utilities for pretty much a decade of the company's existence. Peter Norton had also been a gifted writer and as well as columns understanding that were an important section of PR to the company vehicles wrote several books. His most influential book was co-authored with John Socha called the best book to find out Intel assembler for much more then several years. BTW the famous quote Assembly language programming is definitely an extravagant waste of human talent and will be avoided wherever possible is from 1986 edition:-
The core of Norton Utilities was Peter Norton FAT file undelete utility. It allowed files to get restored when the clusters the file occupied before deletion just weren't yet overwritten. In FAT to regenerate the file it had been enough to bring back the first letter in the directory entry a feature on the FAT file system utilized in MS-DOS, albeit one which was not originally documented. Following the initial release Peter Norton is made Utilities Editor of PC Magazine. The package quickly grow and within the second version version 4, 1986 contained approximately two many utilities Brad Kingsbury took part in writing of the version when he was hired in summer of 1985; he was obviously a talented programmer making several original contributions like ndd.
Among the utilities which were included in NU 4.0 package:
nu, ud UnRemove directory and also, since version 4.0 qu quick format - - the initial set of utilities for recovering files in FAT filesystem: Norton utility and directory undelete utility, one on the first in this class. The latter implemented a novel technique of recovering deleted files in FAT filesystems which essentially permitted the launch from the company. Quick Unerase qu was put in Norton Utilities 4.0
fr format Recover. It should be launched from autoexec bat with/save switch and wrote for the disk special file FRECOVER. DAT which duplicated system blocks of FAT system and permitted complete restore in the format. This is really a very simple and effective idea - - save critical system blocks about the floppy or disk drive in a real way that they'll be found and employed for restoration if your disk was accidentally destroyed or system blocks were damaged. In later versions in was renamed into Norton Image that was just utility to avoid wasting system blocks without recovery capabilities that were integrated in Norton Disk Doctor.
sd - Famous Speed Disk - - pioneered disk defragmenting and was one on the first utility to optimize FAT filesystem also first appeared in version 4.
ncd Norton Change Directory - - a pioneering utility for hierarchical directory navigation in text mode made up of also fast search algorithm. It invented quick look up tree-structured hierarchy of directories, designed by XTree. This utility was introduced in version 4.0 and was published by Brad Kingsbury
In later versions there is also a quite interesting utility called Norton Image that's the ability in order to save critical system blocks for the hard drive so that they can be found and useful for restoration when the disk was accidentally erased or system blocks were damaged.
Wipedisk and wipefile - utilities to irrevocably destroy information inside file or disk drive existed in version 3.0 and could be earlier versions
ndd - Famous Disk Doctor utility for correcting errors in FAT filesystem it appeared only in version 4.5 released in 1988. It able to recover hard drives and floppies with damaged sectors, errors and damaged system blocks by way of example formatted disk.
ne - Famous Norton Disk Editor - - a uniquely powerful utility for manual correction of errors and recovery of files from disk drives.
sf - safe format. It capable to format disk/floppy in such a way permitting quick recovery essentially just replace system block leaving the content with the disk/floppy intact; the previous system blocks were stored in free space on the end in the disk.
If they believe of Peter Norton in any way, most people who just love personal computers probably think about him as being the disk man, or perhaps because finder of lost files. This isn't completely fair; Norton has spread enlightenment on other areas of computing hardware and programming. But only a small part of those who make use of a PC everyday ever feel an excuse for his Programmer s Guide or his Assembly Language Book-though, should this kind of need arise, they can be inclined to show first to Norton.
Peter Norton also invented personalization understanding of software products marketing: usage on the same photo model to the line of products the reasoning which survived acquisition with the company by Symantec whilst still being used inside Norton distinct products. Now they are known mainly caused by his role like a photo model around the boxes of Norton Utilities along with other Symantec products belonging to some Norton line until 2002 I think, however in old days his company was obviously a very innovative company they like Borland, Lotus and other DOS software start-ups.
Among a few were famous Norton Guides, one from the first successful pre-HTML hypertext implementation for DOS. Later versions of Norton commander beginning version 3.0 used this format for help. I think more then the dozen were produced and then guides with this format continued to show up despite the fact how the product was abandoned after buying of Norton Computing by Symantec. The total volume of books which are converted to NG format may well be in hundreds. Among the main Norton Guides were:
The Assembly Language database, Copyright C 1987 by Peter Norton Computing, Inc., was published by Craig Stinson, Brad Kingsbury, Kevin Goldstein, John Socha, and Peter Norton.
The Turbo C Database, Copyright C 1987, by Peter Norton Computing, Inc., was provided by Deirdre Poeltler, Kevin Goldstein, Bruce F. Webster, John Socha, and Peter Norton.
The Turbo Basic database, Copyright C 1987 by Peter Norton Computing, Inc., was provided by Craig Stinson, Burton L. Alperson, Brad Kingsbury, John Socha, and Peter Norton.
John Socha is usually the man who coined the definition of screen saver and in all likelihood created the primary one. Actually a rudimentary screen saver night sky with stars was the 2nd the most distinctive feature of Norton Commander 3.0 together with famous two panel blue screen. This will be the screen saver that a great many Eastern European would call an antique DOS screensaver; many associated it avoid Norton Commander but DOS. In 2001 Joe Forster wrote Starry Night 2001-05-08, resident screen saver that accurately reproduces the classic Norton Commander screen saver. You can download and try it.
The initial a lot of Norton commander development 1984-1988 were many years of triumphant ascent of MS-DOS since the most popular operating system within the planet, which rapidly replaced CP/M starting with late 1983. And rising tide lifts all boats: many programming products designed for DOS became dominant into their class and in many cases served as de-facto standards for porting along with other OSes. And that has been not on a spreadsheets, word processors and online games. Utilities were another fast growing field. Crazy, high stress and high pressure atmosphere from the first commercial software start-ups is actually semi-forgotten. But it turned out the first commercial software gold rush which later within a slightly different manner that it was replayed during dot-com bubble.
The larger then life figures of superheroes of the DOS revolution and subsequent gold rush rivals the best of science fiction. Now such intense atmosphere can probably be found only in game companies. They would not invent any major new software nevertheless they had the initial blend from the ability to do high-quality programming, as well as the power to market the merchandise and gradually allow it to be better then it becomes a successful, profitable business. The most successful ones possessed the blend on the qualities associated with an software developer as well as a drive of the construction foreman, along with a deep understanding with the market typical for the stock broker.
Personal computers for sale from the late 70 s before DOS failed to come with anything aside from a very rudimentary software. IBM mainframe software was very costly and period of those computer time was sold by the hour say, 70 by the hour. That situation changed forever using the launch of DOS. Personal computer and associated DOS software represented a revolt up against the establishment and the primary DOS software entrepreneurs within this sense were revolutionaries that destroyed old order. You can read more details on this period within the book Hard Drive Bill Gates plus the Making from the Microsoft Empire by James Wallace and Jim Erickson published in 1993 once the memory about today still wouldn't dissipate irrevocably.
All early players within this new industry were hands-on Swiss-knife sort of personalities able to be effective extremely hard as programmers. and simultaneously be considered a good technical leaders/technical architects. The crazy, corporate jungle atmosphere in most of software development startups was well described in Hard Drive, the novel about early numerous years of Microsoft.
So it doesn't surprise me that John Socha later organized several successful start-ups. As one famous athlete once said, better I practice, the luckier I get understanding that is applicable to your successful software entrepreneurs with this period. Those start-ups hired the brightest programmers with demonstrated practical abilities who had been also expected to operate crushingly hard, with minimal supervision but as being a team. Those who have been winning made it happen because they were better and smarter and were selling to customers superior products at cheaper prices. Most of those early DOS software entrepreneurs can be as successful in other industries, they merely happened for being right time in the right place and been able to push serious business-before-pleasant envelope for the limit to thrive, outsmart competitors and prosper. Peter Norton investment of less then 50, 000 in 1982 become 70 millions profit when he sold the organization in 1991. Still it would have been a tiny player with revenues in 1985 approaching 5 millions. In comparison Microsoft, the most significant company with this industry, in 1985 right before its IPO had revenues 140 million, a pre-tax profit margin of approximately 34%, no long-term debt, and funds reserves of 38 million.
It is interesting to notice the initially Norton Commander has received a strong competitor, the competitor who beat them towards the finish line in version 1.0 and which topped the reviewers charts for an additional five years. Here is how Jeff Johnson recollected the events that triggered launch of
A month or two later we'd hundreds of floppy disks and many hard disks cram-packed with files with out idea where anything was. We had not a way to manage every one of the files - there hangs the tale.
You see nobody experienced a way of managing files. At least hardly any reasonably easy way. There just weren t any utilities to accomplish it. There became a utility for CP/M published by a friend of ours, Mike Karas, that people had been using, plus some command-line-oriented programs, but none of which addressed the very idea of managing a directory structure. You know, paths and stuff like that.
Which made everyone say, Hmmmm?
So we seriously considered it. We mentioned it. We shouted over it. We threatened each other with ancient Klingon curses. In other words, we sat down like adults and reasoned strangely out.
We discussed different types of tree structures, recursive processing, along with technical stuff. Drawings and diagrams came and went just like the kitchen trash.
Among the themes discussed were how this program would represent the DOS directory structure on-screen, and just what the screen might resemble. I drew a picture of the outline using a white board. It seemed like a tree that needed water. It became a swell picture but no-one thought maybe it's done. Impossible, i was told that.
I went home with a Friday, programmed like mad until Sunday, and showed it to Henry on Monday. A week later we made a decision to try out the tree display in the backup program i was writing for Epson. They liked it. And we'd the beginnings of any product.
In December of 1984, we began really implementing what you now called XTree. Our feature list was huge, as well as a lot of these functions didn t allow it to be into an original version of XTree but were added later in XTreePro and XTreePro Gold. I was working full time for the program, Ken worked tirelessly on it between other tasks, and everyone else chipped in if required. When enough with the program was written so it may be used, we worn the extender ourselves. We felt when other people were planning to rely around the program, it had to become rock solid for everyday use, easy to know, and also a cinch to use.
If it s not really obvious, I don t i would love you to think that I m some form of mad genius and created XTree simply by myself. Far from it. Whenever you re wanting to do something that s never been done before, many are involved.
That s the way that it was with XTree. Dale ensured it had lots of whiz-bang features. Henry guaranteed we didn t write any bad code. Tom ensured the user interface was consistent. His unrelenting efforts to keep up consistency within the interface really weren t appreciated until the countless reviews and an incredible number of users began expressing their pleasure at how easy XTree is to apply. Of course, in those days, each time we thought XTree was ready, Tom had only one more small revision. Right. Finally, there were Ken, bug catcher supreme.
Arletta, my spouse, gets credit for the one. We was throwing names across the office for months no one could concur with anything. One night, let into the evening, very late into the evening, she suggested, XTree. You know, like X-Tree, X-Tree read exactly about it!
Pretty stupid, I thought, but jotted it down.
When I mentioned it to everyone for the office the very next day, the trainer told us, Pretty stupid, and prior to deciding to knew it we'd a name - XTree.
Okay, we ve got an identity, we ve got an application, we ve also got problems; what exactly is get it to the stores so people like you may buy it and that we can make ba-zillions of dollars? At some time, there was two choices: We could either publish it ourselves or hire a company who knew a little more about software publishing than we did - plus in early 1985 there weren t many men and women to choose from.
On March 1, 1985, we resolved to publish XTree ourselves. Which is when Dale took charge as well as in a moment of sheer insanity vowed to possess XTree wanting to sell in the West Coast Computer Faire in San Francisco on April 1, 1985. Dale promised to own XTree packaged; the manual completed, written, and printed; and every one of the hundreds other details instructed to bring a program to in thirty days. As this would be a seemingly impossible task, we thought April Fools Day was the right choice for our premiere.
What we didn t know was Dale had an ace up his Michael Cahlin, president of Cahlin/Williams Communications.
In another four weeks, Cahlin had the merchandise packaged; the top's designed and printed, press materials created and syndicated columnists; the very first XTree brochure, XTree Read All About It, written, produced, and printed; and together with Dale Sinor and Judy Mason, had XTree s booth on the West Coast Computer Faire put in place. Rumor has it that after Cahlin hired Bob Cabeen to really design the 1st XTree package, he gave Bob only one week to create it. When Bob protested, Cahlin is alleged to get said, Look, Bob, God came up with universe in six days - all I want is often a package design. When Bob came through in five days, the rumor continues, he replied, Show that to God!
Of course, Dale had their own miracles to execute. Two days prior to show, he went for the typesetters to grab the final proofs for that manual and discovered the typesetter was evicted and was ducking everyone. Dale finally tracked him down, though the guy would only exchange the proofs for cash - something we weren t exactly knee-deep in. While the countdown for the West Coast Computer Faire continued, Dale found the money, got the proofs, rushed them for the printer, then to your bindery, and waited on their behalf, refusing to permit them outside of his sight. He left Los Angeles at 1:30am. Four hours later, he pulled into Moscone Center in San Francisco, carried the boxes of manuals, software cases, cover inserts, and brochures inside, and calmly began assembling the booth. The show opened at 9:00am.
It s ironic the original XTree was officially introduced on April 1, 1985. The West Coast Computer Faire, with the time, was one from the most popular computer shows inside country. I hate to seem like your father, but i thought this was back in the earlier days when computer shows were a far cry from your slick conventions the thing is that today. These were end-user shows, where there were a great number of silicon-type bargains at these signifies that they made the 24 bucks the Indians sold Manhattan for seem a tad high.
We sold XTree version 1.0 for under 39.95 at this show, and i was literally selling it through the front in the booth while frantically putting the software program packages together inside the back! And now they re a bonafide collectors item. We shared a ten-by-ten booth having a small software publisher, who, as fate would have it, almost published the initial XTree. The president s name was Pete Ryan, and knowing a very important thing when he saw one, he became XTree s product manager a few months later and finally worked his way as much as marketing vice chairman and chief wheeler-dealer.
Within weeks following show, XTree was inside the hands of John Dvorak, Jerry Pournelle, and those other demigods of hi-tech who decide the fate of merchandise. Dvorak, et al., loved the merchandise, and positive reviews appeared one after another. Near as I can figure, XTree was basically the right product, on the right price, for the right time: inexpensive software that solved one common problem and was very easy to use. A rare beast then, or any days. In November 1985, PC Magazine gave XTree their prestigious Editors Choice Award. XTreePro, released in 1987, received exactly the same award, as did XTreePro Gold in 1990. Other reviews and awards followed, and following them were orders from distributors plus the rest is software history.
Due to tremendous popularity inside the USSR Norton Commander has some cultural influences. First of all of the word Norton became almost synonym to orthodox file manager in Russian language. It also generated a more sophisticated series of computer humor stories just like the story of conflict between Norton Commander and Digger an addictive DOS game:
the Norton Commander speech for the DOS faithful from the face of growing volume of Windows defectors imitates arcane kind of Politburo s announcements false values, our enemies
Comrades, we ought to reject false values that happen to be instilled by our enemies! The fact that a Windows GUI user is happier than the usual command line user is similar on the fact when compared to a drunken man is happier over a sober
A drunk programmer is sitting behind the pc with Norton Commander around the screen. Both right and left panel displays this article of disk C:. Why do I need two disks C: with exactly exactly the same files? thinks the drunk, it s only waste of disk space. Then he selects the many files and directories within the active panel and clicks F8.
Q: What may be the name of OS the place you performed the assignment?
It is interesting to notice the Emperor Norton I became a real, Don Quixote-like figure in the US history ca. 1815 January 8, 1880. Joshua Norton would have been a businessman in San Francisco who the 1840 s, before the Gold Rush, attempted to corner industry on rice and failed. He went from being wealthy to being broke overnight plus the experience influenced his mental stability. A several months after this event, he put with a formal admiral s uniform, filled with gold braid and epaulets and strode in towards the office from the newspaper. He handed the editor a big, official looking proclamation which stated in quite formal language that, as a result of popular demand, he hereby declared himself Emperor Norton I of San Francisco, California, and Mexico. He bade all his subjects show him loyalty along with the other courtesies due someone of such eminent stature. As Wikipedia noted:
Though he was generally considered insane, or at best highly eccentric, the citizens of San Francisco along with the world at large inside the mid-to-late 1800s celebrated his presence, his humor, and the deedsamong one of the most notorious being his order that this Congress be dissolved by force, and his awesome numerous decrees calling for just a bridge to get built across San Francisco Bay. The King in Mark Twain s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is reportedly modeled after him.
He is regarded as a saint through the followers of Discordianism and it is referenced repeatedly within the seminal work with the religion, the Principia Discordia. I think that she can be considered like a saint in OFM religion too:-. People who are using OFMs when Windows-style GUI interface in file managers is very dominant will often be considered insane, or perhaps highly eccentric
The good reputation for development of Norton Commander spans approximately fifteen years: from 1984 till 1999. The first release is at May of 1986. At least 13 versions of Norton Commander were commercially released not counting localized versions; with these it could well be almost 30. Here could be the approximate chronology please help me to fix the missing versions and/or wrong dates:
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